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Introduction:
Electricity connections are
currently made from the grids which use conventional sources of
energy such as natural gas, diesel and furnace oil. Natural gas is
our precious natural resource which is also a source of
petrochemicals and fertilizer. Import of petroleum and petroleum
products cause drainage of our hard-earned foreign exchange.
Moreover, there are remote areas and islands where supply of
electricity from the grid is either very expensive or impossible at
this moment.
Photovoltaic system use solar energy
for generation of electricity. This system does not require any kind
of conventional fuels. Since solar energy is available everywhere,
this new technology may serve as a great booster for rural
electrification. This technology is being utilized in many countries
to supply electricity in a decentralized mode. Solar Photovoltaic
electricity is the cleanest and the most convenient of all forms of
energy. Extent of ele ctrification
is an index of the quality of life in a country. With all the
possible attempts on the part of PDB and REB it will not be possible
to reach electricity to all villages, islands, coastal areas, hilly
areas and other inaccessible parts of the country because of the
scattering of households in the rural areas resulting into low
consumer density, transmission and distribution cost from a central
grid will be prohibitively high. The only way to overcome this
difficulty is the decentralized mode of power distribution which can
be conveniently provided by PV systems. This is a unique advantage
of this new technology. Secondly, it does not need any conventional
fuel and as such there is no fuel cost- a great relief in these days
of
energy crisis. Thirdly, there is no moving part in this system
resulting into quiet functioning leading to long durability and
soundless environment.
With a view of experimenting this
new technology under the climato-socio-economic conditions of
Bangladesh, Rural Electrification Board (REB) has undertaken four
solar PV projects in deferent areas of Bangladesh till to date.
These are as follows
a. Diffusion of
Renewable Energy Technologies (Pilot Project)
b. Diffusion of
Renewable Energy Technologies-2nd Phase
c. Rural
Electrification Througy Solar Energy IDA Credit No.3679 BD
d. Promotion of the
Use Of Renewable Energies in the rural Areas of Bangladesh
a. Diffusion of
Renewable Energy Technologies (Pilot Project)
This Project started
in the financial year of 1993-94 and completed in the financial year
of 1997-98.Two unions of Narshingdi Sadar Thana (Karimpur & Nazarpur)
under. Narshingdi PBS-1, located by the river Meghna, which is far
from the national grid, were selected as Pilot Project areas. REB
had planned to provide electricity through Solar Photovoltaic
(SPV) System with a French Grant of 6.4 million French Franc and
local currency (GOB) of about Taka 26.30 million. Under this
programme, about 1000 numbers of various categories of solar
consumers were targeted to be provided with electricity. For this
purpose, three Central Battery Charging Stations (BCS) had been
constructed in the three different islands of these Unions. Karimpur
BCS is of 14.72 KW capacity. The capacities of the other two BCS’s
are of 7.36 KW each. A total of 806 nos. of various categories of
consumers are already connected to the Solar PV electricity under
Narshingdi PBS-1.
In the year of 2003 the above
two unions were connected by grid line by DESA. Subsequently DESA
lines and all the PV installations has been handed over to Narshindi
PBS–2 from DESA & Narshindi PBS–1.At present there are 71 stand
alone Solar Home System (SHS) functioning at consumer premises at
that area. After renovation of DESA distribution line solar
consumers are connected by grid electricity .As such the 735 SHS
consumers withdraw their PV Solar Home System.
b. Diffusion
of Renewable Energy Technologies-2nd Phase
This project targeted mainly
Austragram (kishoreganj PBS), Shingra (Natore
PBS-1),Kotalipara(Gopalganj PBS), Moheskhali,Kutubdia and St.
Martine islands of the Bay of Bangal (Cox’s bazar PBS). But in
implementing the project the location included in area
existing PBSs will get priority.
Main objective of the project
is to provide 6000nos. PV Solar Home System (SHS) to the remote and
isolated rural areas having no access to national elecrticity grid
.PV Solar Home system will generate power into useable form by
converting solar energy (sun light) into electricity and this power
could be used for domestic lighting to meet the increasing demand of
power in context of energy crisis. This project will also help to
improve the socio-economic condition of the people deprived of the
facilities of the national electricity grid system and will creat
job oppurtunity in the remote rural areas. Break up of project cost
is as follow:
a) Project aid = US$ 3.35 Million
b) Local currency = US$ 2.69 Million
Total = US$ 6.04 Million
The plan objectives of the
country to emphasize the importance of balanced and harmonious
development of all regions and a better living standared of life for
the poor mostly living in the rural and remote areas.Expansion of
infrastructural facitilites and diffusion of modern technology to
the rural backward areas are considered as an essential means
towards achieving these objectives. In addition, the energy policy
of Bangladesh attach due importance to the development of
alternative and sustainable energy sources vis-a-vis the expansion
of existing network of conventional energy like electricity,
gas.etc.The planned rural eletrification programme envisages to
extend the eletrification network covering the vast rural areas of
the country. However, the remote and isolated rural areas are not
often feasible for conventional grid-based electrification due to
high investment and running costs. Renewable energy technology for
example PV Solar System could be a vaiable option for
electrification of such areas, Solar PV System can operate with
almost no running cost as no fuel is required for operation.
Total 564 nos. of SHSs have
been installed till date in areas descried as under (as on June,05).
1. Manikganj PBS
101
2. Narshindi PBS-1
270
3. Barisal PBS-2
50
4. Bagerhat PBS
13
5. Patuakhali PBS
12
6. Kishorganj PBS
15
7. Kustia PBS
49
8. Chapai Nawabganj PBS
11
9. Jamalpur PBS 10
10.Satkhira PBS
11
11.Natore PBS-1
4
10.Magura PBS
18
564
c.
Rural Electrification Through Solar Energy IDA Credit no. 3679BD.
This project targets are
Sirajganj PBS, Natore PBS-2 Pabna PBS-2, Barisal PBS-1,Cox’s bazar
PBS & Sunamganj PBS. The main objective of the Project is to provide
16000 Solar Home System in Rural areas of Bangladesh where
possibitity of running grid line is non- permeable because of
financial and technical limitations. Harnessing solar energy in the
form of useable electricity is sustainable, environment friendly,
which would be used for household and commercial use for the rural
people of remote area. About 80,000 people will get benefit of
electricity by the implementation of the project.
The energy policy of Bangladesh
attach due importance to the development of alternative and
sustainable energy sources. Solar Home System could be available
option for electrification of such areas.
The project started in
financial year 2002-2003 and expected to end in financial year
2006-2007.Break up of project cost is as follow:-
Project aid = US$
6.53 Million
Local
currency= US$1.96 Million
Total = US$ 8.49
Million
Total 603 nos.of SHSs have
been installed till date in areas as describe under (as on
June, 05).
1.Barisal PBS-1
164
2.Cox’s bazar PBS
191
3. Natore PBS-2
97
4.Pabna PBS-2
71
5.Serajganj PBS
30
6.Sunamganj PBS
50
Total
603
Pilot phase of the project has been completed .GEF provide grant for
capacity building work and installation of 150 nos. Solar Home
Systems. This increases prepatory facility of the main project.
The RFP (Request For Proposal)
for appoinment of SHS consultants has been approved by WB
.Short-listed consulting firms submit proposals. It is expected that
appoinment of consultant will be completed by May, 2005.
Tender notice for procurement
of 6000 nos. SHSs materials has been flaoted on Jan, 2005.Materials
are expected to received by Oct, 2005.
d.
Promotion Of The Use Of Renewable Energies in The rural Areas Of
Bangladesh.
The
objective of the project is to enable the rural population in non
electrified regions gain increased benefits from the use of
Renewable Energies (RE) in a sustainable manner .The target group of
the project is the rural population living in areas far from the
national electricity grid.
Means of
achievements:
a)
Formulating the
process of establishing an institutional framework for coordination
of RE activities at national level and development of suitable RE
policies & strategies.
-
Analyze
and design an institutional and organizational structure for an
entity that will be tasked with overall co-ordination of RE
activities in accordance with the national energy policy.
-
On the
basis of pertinent policies develop RE strategies and define and
priorities RE implementation projects.
b)
Adaptation &
promotion of appropriate technologies for productive use of RE in
small-scale enterprises.
-
Identify
production process which are potentially suitable for application
of Renewable Energy Technology (RET) and encourage appropriate
institution and interested suppliers to conduct necessary R & D
and perform testing and demonstration of developed RET under field
condition.
-
Analyse
social acceptance and economic feasibility of developed RET
-
Identify
and setting up suitable marketing agent and structures.
c) Improvement
of private sector based marketing, production, maintenance and
recycling systems for RE technologies.
-
Identify
private-public partnership (PPP) opportunities for RE technology
transfer and facilitate partnership between Bangladesh and German
companies.
-
Identify
private companies and NGO interested in marketing of RET and
support setting up marketing structures.
-
Analyse
quality of locally produced RET components and help improve
product development .
-
Assist in
introduction of international technical standards for RET
components.
d)
Providing sustainable access to renewable energy services for the
selected self-help group and social service providers at
community level (e.g. schools, rural health clinic . cyclone
shelters)
-
Identify community based
self-help groups (SHGs) and social service providers (SSPs) that
are in need of energy services and willing to employ RETs
-
Assist interested SHGs and
SSPs-and NGOs involved with
- Identifying appropriate
financing schemes
- Design, purchase and
installation of RETs
- Organization of training
regarding sustainable operation and maintenance of RETS
-
Undertake social monitoring of RET
application and asses potential of replication of concept
developed.
-
Lobby political
decision makers and other facilitators to apply experiences made
for further dissemination of RETs
e) Strengthening Technical and
management capacities of major implementing agencies.
Break up of project cost is
as follow: -
a) Project aid = Taka 1259.60 Lakh
b) Local currency = Taka 61.00 Lakh
Total= Taka 1320.60 Lakh
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